ČSN EN ISO 17225-7 - Tuhá biopaliva - Specifikace a třídy paliv - Část 7: Tříděné nedřevní brikety

3.6 non-woody briquette

biofuel briquette (3.2) made from non-woody biomass (3.5)

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Symbols and abbreviated terms

A

Designation for ash content, Ad on dry basis [% in mass]

ar

as received

D

Designation for diameter as received, D [mm]

d

dry (dry basis)

DE

Designation for particle density as received [g/cm3]

L

Designation for length as received, L [mm]

M

Designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Mar [% in mass]

Q

Designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,ar [MJ/kg or GJ/t] at constant pressure

 

 

NOTE 1 1 MJ/kg equals 0,2778 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg or GJ/t). 1 g/cm3 equals 1 kg/dm3. 1 mg/kg equals 0,000 1 %.

NOTE 2 Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels in Table 1. For designation of chemical properties, chemical symbols like S (sulfur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the property class is added at the end of the symbol.

Specification of graded non-woody briquettes

The specification of the non-woody briquettes is stated in accordance with Table 1 and Figure 1.

Key

D

diameter

L1

length

L2

width

L3

height

Figure 1 — Dimensions of briquettes

The documents listed in Clause 2 shall be used for the sampling (ISO 18135 or ISO 21945), sample preparation (ISO 14780) and analysis of the properties of solid biofuels.

In general, chemical treatment before harvesting of biomass does not need to be stated. Where any operator in the fuel supply chain has reason to suspect serious contamination of the biomass or the soil (e.g. coal slag heaps) or if planting has been used specifically for the sequestration of chemicals or biomass is fertilised by sewage sludge (originating from waste water treatment or chemical process), then fuel analysis should be carried out to identify chemical impurities such as halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals. In case of raw materials belonging to 2.2.2 and 3.2.2 chemically treated herbaceous and fruit biomass according to ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1 the actual origin of the raw material shall be clearly described.

If data for chemical or physical properties are available, further analysis may not be required.

To ensure resources are used appropriately and the declaration is accurate, use the most appropriate measure below:

a) using previous measured values or obtained by experience of same raw material;

b) calculation of properties, e.g. by using typical values and considering generally accepted and documented specific values;

c) carrying out analysis:

1) with simplified methods, if available;

2) with reference methods.

The responsibility of the producer or supplier to provide correct and accurate information is exactly the same whether laboratory analysis is performed or not. Typical values do not release the producer or supplier from providing accurate and reliable information.

NOTE It is important to carry out laboratory analysis, if raw material basis is changed.

The quality shall be given either in the product declaration or by a corresponding label on the package.

Table 1 — Specification of graded non-woody briquettes

 

Property class, Analysis method

Units

A1b

A2

B

Normative

Origin and source a, ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1

 

2 Herbaceous biomass 3 Fruit biomass 4 Aquatic biomass 5 Blends and mixtures

Diameter (D) or length (L1), width (L2) and height (L3),

According Figure 1

mm

Dimensions according to Figure 1 to be stated

Shape

Specify shape according to Figure 1 e.g. 1 or 2, etc.

Moisture, M, ISO 18134‑1, ISO 18134‑2

% in mass as received, wet basis

M12 ≤ 12

M12 ≤ 12

M15 ≤ 15

Ash, A, ISO 18122

% in mass, dry

A3,0 ≤ 3

A6,0 ≤ 6

A10,0 ≤ 10

Particle density, DE, ISO 18847

g/cm3 as received

DE0,9 ≥ 0,9

DE0,9 ≥ 0,9

DE0,6 ≥ 0,6

Additives c

% in mass as received

≤ 5 Type and amount to be stated

≤ 5 Type and amount to be stated

≤ 5 Type and amount to be stated

Net calorific value, Q, ISO 18125

MJ/kg or kWh/kg as received

Q14,5 ≥ 14,5 or Q4,0 ≥ 4,0

Q14,5 ≥ 14,5 or Q4,0 ≥ 4,0

Q14,5 ≥ 14,5 or Q4,0 ≥ 4,0

Nitrogen, N, ISO 16948

% in mass, dry

N1,5 ≤ 1,5

N1,5 ≤ 1,5

N2,0 ≤ 2,0

Sulfur, S, ISO 16994

% in mass, dry

S0,20 ≤ 0,20

S0,20 ≤ 0,20

S0,30 ≤ 0,30

Chlorine, Cl, ISO 16994

% in mass, dry

Cl0,10 ≤ 0,10

Cl0,20 ≤ 0,20

Cl0,30 ≤ 0,30

Arsenic, As, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 1,0

≤ 1,0

≤ 1,5

Cadmium, Cd, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 0,5

≤ 0,5

≤ 0,5

Chromium, Cr, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 50

≤ 50

≤ 50

Copper, Cu, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 20

≤ 20

≤ 20

Lead, Pb, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 10

≤ 10

≤ 10

Mercury, Hg, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 0,1

≤ 0,1

≤ 0,1

Nickel, Ni, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 10

≤ 10

≤ 10

Zinc, Zn, ISO 16968

mg/kg dry

≤ 100

≤ 100

≤ 100

Informative

Ash melting behaviourd[8]

°C

SST, DT, HT and FT should be stated

Surface area of briquettes, including the hole surface if existing

cm2/kg

Should be stated

a   To be stated the 4-digit classification (ISO 17225‑1:2021, Table 1). Blends and mixtures can include also woody biomass. If composition of blend is known, the % in mass can be used to specifying blends. Example 1: 80 % in mass 2.1.1.2 Straw, 20 % in mass 2.1.2.2 Grasses, straw parts. In the case of mixture, the main component should be stated first. Example 2: 2.1.1.2 Straw, 2.1.2.2 Grasses, straw parts.

b   It is recommended to blend woody biomass to achieve the limits of Class A1. Class A1 is recommended for residential use.

c   Type and amount of additive(s) to aid production, delivery or combustion (e.g. pressing aids, slagging inhibitors or any other additives like starch, corn flour, potato flour, vegetable oil, lignin) shall be stated.

d   It is recommended that all characteristic temperatures (shrinkage starting temperature (SST), deformation temperature (DT), hemisphere temperature (HT) and flow temperature (FT)) in oxidizing conditions should be stated Pre-ashing temperature is 550 °C.[8]

Bibliography

[1] EN 13229:2001, Inset Appliances Including Open Fires fired by Solid Fuels — Requirements and Test Methods

[2] EN 12815:2001, Residential cookers fired by Solid Fuel — Requirements and Test Methods

[3] EN 12809:2001, Residential independent boilers fired by solid fuel — Nominal heat output up to 50 kW - Requirements and Test Methods

[4] EN 13240:2001, Room heaters fired by Solid Fuels — Requirements and Test Methods

[5] EN 15250:2007, Slow heat release appliances fired by solid fuel — Requirements and test methods

[6] EN 15821:2010, Multi-firing sauna stoves fired by natural wood logs — Requirements and test methods

[7] EN 303‑5:2012, Heating boilers. Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, manually and automatically stoked, nominal heat output of up to 500 kW. Terminology, requirements, testing and marking

[8] ISO 21404, Solid biofuels — Determination of ash melting behaviour