Emission limits and type-approval rules for non-road mobile machinery
Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council on requirements for emission limits for gaseous and particulate pollutants and type-approval of internal combustion engines in non-road mobile machinery, amending Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 and (EU) No. 167/2013, and amending and repealing Directive 97/68/EC
The objective of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 is to gradually reduce emissions and phase out non-road mobile machinery equipped with non-compliant engines. Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 establishes procedures that engine manufacturers must follow in order to obtain type approval for their engines.
Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 applies to all engines in the categories listed below that are or are to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
Engine
Categories
Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 lists the following engine categories, which are divided into subcategories in Annex I:
- Category NRE
- Category NRG
- Category NRSh
- Category NRS
- Category IWP
- Category IWA
- Category RLL
- Category RLR
- Category SMB
- Category ATS
Examples not covered by Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 : engines intended for:
- the propulsion of vehicles covered by Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, as well as systems, components, and separate technical units intended for such vehicles and on the market surveillance of such vehicles, amending Regulations (EC) No. 715/2007 and No. 595/2009, and repealing Directive 2007/46/EC;
- the propulsion of agricultural and forestry tractors covered by Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 on the approval of agricultural and forestry vehicles and market surveillance of such vehicles
- the propulsion of vehicles and machinery used or intended solely for competitions
- the propulsion of all recreational vehicles other than snowmobiles, off-road vehicles, and side-by-side vehicles
- propulsion
- of
- marine craft
- propulsion of aircraft
- propulsion of stationary machinery
For the purposes of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 , Article 3 contains a total of 75 definitions.
Some important definitions:
"manufacturer" means a natural or legal person who is responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the EU type-approval or authorization procedure and for ensuring the conformity of engine production, and who is also responsible for market surveillance issues concerning the engines produced, regardless of whether it is directly or indirectly involved in all stages of the design and manufacture of the engine subject to the EU type-approval procedure
."EU type-approval" means the procedure by which an approval authority confirms that a specific type of engine or a specific engine family complies with the relevant administrative provisions and technical requirements of this Regulation
.
"Engine family" means a group of engine types defined by the manufacturer, which have similar design characteristics in terms of exhaust emissions and which comply with the applicable emission
limits . Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 sets out certain obligations regarding non-road mobile machinery in which an engine is installed, with respect to emission limits for gaseous and particulate pollutants from such engines. These are obligations of Member States, approval authorities, market surveillance authorities, manufacturers, manufacturers’ representatives, suppliers, distributors, and technical testing laboratories.
Essential Requirements
Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 defines the requirements for EU type-approval regarding exhaust emissions and the requirements for monitoring engine emissions during operation. Engine types and engine families must be designed, manufactured, and assembled in accordance with the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628. The exhaust emissions of individual engine types and engine families must not exceed the exhaust emission limits set out in Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 .
Requirements for EU type-approval regarding exhaust emissions
Engine types and engine families must not exceed the exhaust emission limits designated as “Stage V” and set out in Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2016/1628. EU
type-approval procedures:
1. Application for type-approval
Manufacturers must submit a separate application for EU type-approval to the approval authority of a Member State for each engine or engine family. 2
. Manufacturer’s documentation The manufacturer must simultaneously submit to the approval authority documentation containing the information
specified in Article 21 of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628. The documentation may be submitted in paper or electronic form. Templates for the manufacturer’s documentation and the information document are set out in Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/656 . Templates for the manufacturer’s documentation and the information document are set out in Annex I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/656 .
EU
type-approval is issued with an unlimited period of validity. However, Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 specifies in Article 30 the cases under which the validity of an EU engine type-approval may be terminated. The EU may, within the framework of multilateral or bilateral agreements with third countries, recognize the equivalence between the conditions and provisions for EU engine type-approval set out in Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 and the procedures established by international regulations or the regulations of third countries.Type-approvals and mandatory
markings granted in accordance with UNECE regulations or amendments thereto, for which the EU has voted or acceded to and which are listed in delegated acts, are recognized as equivalent to EU type-approvals and mandatory markings granted under Regulation No. (EU) 2016/1628. The Automotive Industry section of the subchapter contains an Overview of UNECE Regulations and Approved EU Regulations.
: Model declarations of conformity are set out in Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/656 . Templates for declarations of conformity issued for each engine subject to an exemption or transitional provision under Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 are provided in Appendix 1 of Annex II to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/656 .
The declaration of conformity specifies the specific characteristics of the engine and the restrictions applicable to it.
The declaration of conformity is supplied together with the engine or with the non-road mobile machinery in which the engine is installed. The declaration of conformity is supplied free of charge and may also be provided in electronic form.
For a period of ten years from the date of manufacture of the engine, the end user of that engine may request the manufacturer to issue a duplicate of the Declaration of Conformity. The manufacturer is required to issue this duplicate upon payment of a fee not exceeding the cost of its issuance.
Related Regulations
|
Labeling (current version) |
Title |
| No. (EU) 2017/654 (current version) |
Commission Delegated Regulation supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards technical and general requirements for emission limits and type-approval of internal combustion engines in non-road mobile machinery |
No. (EU) 2017/655 (current version) |
Commission Delegated Regulation supplementing Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards technical and general requirements for emission limits and type-approval of internal combustion engines in non-road mobile machinery |
| No. (EU)2017/656 (current version in PDF format as of Dec. 28, 2022) |
Commission Implementing Regulation laying down administrative requirements regarding emission limits and type-approval of internal combustion engines in non-road mobile machinery in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the Council |
| No. (EU) 2019/26 | Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council supplementing Union legislation on type-approval in view of the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union |
Regulation (EU) 2017/654 contains a total of seventeen annexes, which set out the technical and general requirements for emission limits and type approval of internal combustion engines in non-road mobile machinery
| Annex number |
Annex |
| I | Requirements concerning other specified fuels, fuel mixtures, or fuel emulsions |
| II | Measures regarding conformity of production |
| III | Methodology for adjusting the results of laboratory emission tests, to account for deterioration factors |
| IV | Requirements regarding emission control strategies, NOx emission control measures, and particulate matter control measures |
| V | Measurements and tests regarding the range associated with the non-road steady-state test cycle |
| VI | Conditions, methods, procedures, and equipment for conducting tests and for measuring emissions and taking samples |
| VII | Method for evaluating data and calculations |
| VIII | Performance requirements and test procedures for dual-fuel engines |
| IX | Technical characteristics of reference fuels |
| X | Detailed technical specifications and conditions for the supply of an engine without an exhaust aftertreatment system |
| XI | Detailed technical specifications and conditions for temporary placing on the market for the purpose of conducting in-service tests |
| XII | Detailed technical specifications and conditions for special-purpose engines |
| XIII | Recognition of equivalent engine type approvals |
| XIV | Detailed information on relevant information and instructions for original equipment manufacturers |
| XV | Detailed information on relevant information and instructions for end-users |
| XVI | Performance standards and assessment |
| of | |
| technical testing laboratories | |
| XVII | Characteristics of steady-state |
| and transient test cycles |
Regulation No. (EU) 2017/655 lays down detailed measures regarding the selection of engines, test procedures, and reporting of results concerning the monitoring of gaseous pollutant emissions from in-service internal combustion engines installed in non-road mobile machinery using portable emission measurement systems. Regulation (EU) 2017/655 applies to the monitoring of gaseous pollutant emissions from the following categories of in-service engines meeting Stage V emission limits installed in non-road mobile machinery:
- NRE-v-5,
- NRE-v-6.
Regulation (EU) 2017/655 applies to engine manufacturers; it does not apply to original equipment manufacturers.
Gaseous pollutant emissions from in-service engines covered by Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 are monitored in accordance with the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2017/655 . The Annex to Regulation (EU) 2017/655 contains general requirements for in-service monitoring, a plan for monitoring in-service engines, test conditions, data sampling methods, ECU data streams, test procedures, and data pre-processing and validation, calculations, follow-up testing, and data reporting procedures.The annex to Regulation (EU) 2017/655 includes appendices containing detailed data, calculations, tables, figures, and examples:
- Appendix 1 Portable Emissions Measurement System
- Appendix 2 Test Procedure for In-Service Monitoring Using PEMS
- Appendix 3 Preliminary Data Processing for Calculations of Gaseous Pollutant Emissions
- Appendix 4 Algorithm for Determining Valid Cases During In-Service Monitoring
- Appendix 5 Calculations of Gaseous Pollutant Emissions
- Appendix 6of the torque signal from the ECU
- Annex 7 Requirements for ECU data stream information
- Annex 8 In-service
- monitoring test report
| Annex number |
Annex |
| I | Templates for manufacturer’s documentation and information document |
| II | Templates for declarations of conformity |
| III | Templates for engine markings |
| IV | Templates for EU type-approval certificates |
| V | Numbering system for EU type-approval certificates |
| VI | Uniform format for test reports |
| VII | Format of the list of engines pursuant to Article 37(1) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1628 |
| VIII | Templates and data structure for data exchange via the IMI system |
| IX | Parameters for the definition of engine types and engine families and their operating modes |
| X | Technical details on measures against tampering |
